Pediatric human growth hormone deficiency (PGHD) is a rare but serious medical condition in children. It occurs when the pituitary gland, a small organ at the base of the brain, doesn’t produce enough growth hormone, an essential chemical responsible for supporting healthy growth and development. If left untreated, PGHD can lead to lifelong health issues, including short stature, abnormal body composition, and even heart complications.
Human growth hormone (HGH) plays a critical role in bone growth, muscle development, and metabolic function. Beyond helping children grow taller, it also helps regulate fat distribution, support heart function, and maintain normal energy levels. Because growth hormones affect so many parts of the body, the signs of deficiency can show up in various ways, not just in your child’s height.
Here are some key signs and symptoms of pediatric human growth hormone deficiency to look out for:
Your Child Is Growing Differently Than Their Peers
One of the most noticeable signs of PGHD is slower-than-expected growth. Most children grow at a steady pace, but those with PGHD may grow less than two inches (5 cm) per year after age three. As a result, they may appear much shorter than other kids their age, and their growth may gradually fall off the standard growth charts used by pediatricians.
While short stature alone doesn’t always indicate a medical problem, it’s a red flag when accompanied by other symptoms. Catching this growth delay early can make a significant difference in your child’s health and development.
Your Child Has Increased Body Fat
Children with growth hormone deficiency often have a distinct body composition. In addition to being shorter, they may have more body fat, especially around the midsection. Their face may appear round or “babyish,” with fullness in the cheeks that lingers past toddlerhood. These physical features are caused by changes in how the body processes fat due to the lack of HGH.
Increased body fat isn’t just a cosmetic concern. Over time, this imbalance in body composition can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular problems later in life. That’s why early diagnosis and treatment are so important.
Your Child Has Low Muscle Mass
Growth hormone is essential for building and maintaining healthy muscle. Children with PGHD may appear physically weaker or have less muscle tone compared to other kids. They might struggle with physical activity or seem unusually tired during play.
Even more concerning, low HGH levels can affect the heart, which is a muscle itself. Reduced heart muscle mass can lead to diminished heart function and raise the risk for future heart conditions. While this is more common in adults with untreated growth hormone deficiency, early intervention in childhood can help prevent these complications.
Other Symptoms to Watch For
In addition to slower growth, excess fat, and low muscle mass, you might also notice:
- Delayed puberty or lack of puberty-related changes
- Delayed tooth development
- Tiredness or low energy levels
- Emotional or social challenges due to being smaller than peers
When to Talk to a Doctor
It’s easy to focus only on your child’s height, but the signs of PGHD often go beyond the growth chart. If your child is showing multiple symptoms, or if you simply feel something isn’t right, trust your instincts and make an appointment with their pediatrician.
Early diagnosis and hormone therapy can make a big difference, helping your child grow to their potential and avoid long-term health risks. The earlier treatment begins, the better the outcomes can be for their physical and emotional development.