Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by a buildup of fat in the liver that's unrelated to drinking alcohol. The extent of fat buildup can determine the extent of liver damage. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis (chronic scarring and damage) and liver failure. Having NAFLD can cause inflammation, which damages liver cells leading to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis can lead to liver failure and liver cancer. It can also increase the risk for heart disease and stroke
NAFLD is becoming increasingly common; in fact, it's the most common type of liver disease in the developed world.
It's also a very complex condition.
There's no one specific cause, but it appears that this disease is linked to:
• Being overweight or obese
• Having insulin resistance (a condition whereby the body doesn't use its own insulin properly)
• Having high blood sugar levels (prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes)
• Having high levels of fat, called triglycerides, in the blood
• Having sleep apnea
• Having PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)
Statistics show that at least 50% of those with Type 2 will develop fatty liver disease, and some research shows that figure may even be as high as 70%.
In addition, NAFLD is more common in older people, men, people who have Type 2 diabetes, and people who have excess weight around their middle (like a “spare tire” or a “muffin top”).
Normal liver function tests can indicate other liver conditions besides NAFLD. An ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can indicate if your liver is enlarged. In some cases, a liver biopsy is ordered to look for extent of inflammation or scarring.
There is currently no medication that treats NAFLD. However, lifestyle changes can help.
Losing between 5% and 10% of your weight can do wonders for your liver health. Exercise can indirectly prevent and help treat NA FLD by helping with weight reduction and improving insulin sensitivity.
Dietary supplements, medications and a liver transplant may help NAFLD. Omega-3 fatty acids (aka "fish oil") can lower triglyceride levels and can reduce the risk of heart disease. Probiotics and ginger are other supplements that show early promise.
Mediterranean-style eating is helpful for both diabetes management and reducing the risk of heart disease. Limiting saturated fat intake and trans fat intake can improve insulin resistance and lower inflammation.
Studies have also showed that coffee drinkers who have NAFLD had less liver damage than non-coffee drinkers.
Source: Diabetes Self Management
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